ALPINISM

ALPINISM IN MONTENEGRO

Starting from the usual understanding of alpinism as the adventure of climbing high rocks, Montenegro could easily be described as a God-given land for this kind of mountaineering. Almost all its mountains have at least 100m high boulders, and even that height is exceeded by its canyons verticals, while the diversity of climbed and potential routes covers almost all known alpine categories. The most known and attractive alpine destinations in Montenegro are Prokletije and Durmitor, where there are as many paths in dry boulders, and lines in the snow, ice, or mix. Žijevo and Orijen, thanks to the good quality and attractiveness of their boulders, are becoming more and more visited summer climbs, while Komovi keeps the reputation of a classic winter climb. Canyons of Tara, Piva, Komarnica, Morača, Mrtvica, Cijevna, and Lim, as a treasury of uncountable high rocks are still almost untouched, with only a few climbed routes.

ALPINISM ON DURMITOR

Many peaks, with exposed rocks and relatively easy and clear access to several locations, contribute to the connection of a significant number of alpine activities in Durmitors terrain in Montenegro. In the central massif, boulders' heights range from 100 to 500 m (Crvena greda), and the highest ones are in the Boljske grede area, where they reach even 700 m. Boulders are limestone rocks of various qualities, but as there are so many of them it really isn’t a problem to find one with suitable firmness, weight, and aesthetic.

The mountain is equally suitable for climbing on dry bolder and climbs on snow and ice. By now, hundreds of routes have been climbed, but since the data is scattered through guides, archives, and collections of different organizations, clubs, and individuals, information about routes is quite inaccessible. The most famous boulders like the north Šljeme boulder, Osojne grede, Pleća, Bandijerna, Međed, or Terzin bogaz are frequently visited, with now-famous lines, which are already considered as “classic”. Winter routers are “Žljeb Šljeme-Pleća” (300 m, III, 60˚), directly above the bivouac in Velika Kalica under Šljemen, as well as a couple of lines in Osojne grede of Šljeme boulder, above the ski track Savin kuk. They are interesting because of the quick access, relatively short and attractive climbing, and the possibility to catch a couple more ski drivers and the path.

There are significantly more rock climbing routes, and the most interesting ones are within a short distance from the central massif where most climbers are located on the large north Šljemen boulder. These routes have been rarely reused during the last years due to the loose rocks. The most famous routes are “Direktni” (400 m VI, IV) and “Diretissima” (400 m VI) but for years no one has come there. Boulder with better quality is on Bandijerna, where there are several easy lines for beginners and less prepared climbers or Trezin bogaz, Zupci, and Prutaš. During the last years, the peak Lojanik, above Dobri dol, attracts attention, where, there are several interesting directions of different difficulty in a good limestone.

Yet, the main alpine asset of Durmitor is Boljske grede, seven kilometers wide boulder wall above the left shore of Komarnica. The maximum height of the boulders is 700 m and only one route has been climbed so far, while several lines were climbed in the lower part of the boulder, whereof, “Another Day in Paradise” (250 m, VII+), certainly, wasn’t only the hardest but the most attractive one. The route is in a part of the boulder whose segment, around 200 m high, is on the border of half access and easy climbs, while the upper barrier (200-300 m) leads to a couple of interesting boulder towers, clearly visible from the valley.

ALPINISM ON MT. PROKLETIJE

The history of climbing in Prokletije is a lot shorter than in Durmitor, but this region is rapidly becoming the most popular and most important alpine destination in Montenegro. Primarily because of the highest cliffs in the country, whose height reaches even 1,200m, but also because of the unique beauty of the mountain landscape that irresistibly reminds of the sharp peaks and rocks of the Central Alps. Short and easy routes are the rarest ones here. Among the category of classic lines, “Greben radnički” on the peak Očnjak (Dogtooth), or “Sjeverni greben” (North Cliff) (V, III-IV, 500 m) on Sjevrni vrh, (North Peak), or the peak Karanfil, should be mentioned.

The most significant routes in Prokletije are the longest and the hardest ones in Montenegro in general. Primarily, these are the routes “Prvo koplje” (VI+A2, 700 m), “Greben Prestola” (800 m, V+, IV), “AKA” (VI, A2, 700 m ), and “Dobri drugovi” (VI, 700 m) in Karanfil, which have witnessed many attempts, frequent failures, and legendary anecdotes. The south rock of Karanfil, which descends to the periodical Ropojansko Lake, is the highest rock in Montenegro, at around 1,200 m. There are several routes on it, and not a single one of them has yet been repeated. Among the mentioned routes “Prvo koplje”, up the rock Koplje (Spear) on Sjeverni Vrh (North Peak) stood out as a real attraction for many Slovenian and Polish expeditions during the sixties. The first climb was made in 1972 while its first repeat, despite numerous attempts, had to wait until 2005. In its complexity, this line reminds of big wall routes, consisting of both free and technical parts of serious and constant difficulty, with hanging reinsurance and frequent problems in navigation.

Winter routes on Prokletije have a great aesthetic value, but also a relatively high degree of avalanche danger. Because of the closeness of the sea, this region is characterized by sudden melting and rainy periods, which seriously affect the stability of snow caps. The most popular winter routes, which more or less follow the lines of summer via normal climbs on Očnjak (Dogtooth) and Sjeverni vrh (North Peak), are a true example of how technically undemanding climbing can turn into a real nightmare if you come in a time when the mountain is not in a mood for guests. Furthermore, not only the parts of rocks are jeopardized by avalanches, but also the access through the mountain hollows Ljubokuć and Krošnja.

Prokletije’s territory in Montenegro should not be neglected from the alpine aspect. Until now, only the peaks and rocks of Grbaja Valley and Ropojana were exploited. Since these areas are not even close to being exhausted, boulders on Bjelič, Kolate, Maja Rops, and other peaks and areas of Montenegro Prokletije, certainly deserve interest and attention.

ALPINISM ON MT. ŽIJEVO

This mountain is one of the “youngest” alpine destinations in Montenegro, as the first routes were climbed in the late 20th century. They are mostly located on the peaks and in the boulders of Bukumirsko Lake region, at heights of 100 m to 200 m and until now, somewhat more than 30 lines with different difficulties were climbed. The sedimentary rocks’ quality is generally good, especially in a more uphill and exposed coating like on a southern rock Velja Torča, or east rock Kožje Plane. Maybe the most beautiful route on the mountain is “Lullaby for Vesna and Bojana“ (VI, A3, 120 m) on the southern rock of Velje Torča, devoted to Vesna Drakulić and Bojana Tekić who died during the climb along the west cliff of Pasjak, one of the most noticeable peaks in the mountain.

Žijevo is suitable for winter alpinism too, but climbing up some peaks like Veliki Toljevac, because of a large amount of grass and relatively looseness, makes sense only if snow with its squeeze pressure creates firm and compact climbs. Besides, the dominant north orientation of Žijevo’s boulders enables longer snow retention and sagging into the hollows, thus creating a very rare and rich winter climbing place.

ALPINISM ON MT. ORJEN

Orjen has perhaps the best rock quality in Montenegro and the most famous alpine location on the mountain is Markov koš or Surbin amphitheater, high about 350 m. On it, there are about ten routes, with average difficulties from III to VI on the UIAA scale. “Reovac greda” is also interesting, even though somewhat less high, its quality and aesthetic of morphological shape attract great attention. Routes in Markov koš (Mark's Basket) and Reovačka greda (Reovac's Beam) are not even near carriage roads or mountain homes, therefore it is necessary to a plain a couple of hours for access and descent by, hopefully, well-marked mountain paths.

That is why camping at the base is probably the best choice. Expert these locations, where rocks make a strong impression with their grandeur and expositions, somewhat smaller rock in Miškova greda (Misko's Beam), 15 minutes from home “Vrtlar” (Gardeners) also deserves a mention. In this rock, there are several routes at 50 m, altitude with middle and lower grades of difficulty.

ALPINISM ON MT. KOMOVI

Because of the great looseness of the boulders, Komovi is primarily a winter climbing place. Many technically undemanding lines enable interesting and productive climbs during favorable snow conditions. The most attractive one is “Dijadema” (Diadem) a continuous cliff of Vasojevićki Kom, Bavani, Kučki, and Ljevorečki Kom.

Besides that, the extended west rock of Vasojević Kom (400 m high) is a very interesting ground, with numerous possibilities for snow and mixed lines of different difficulty.

ALPINISM SEASON

Local climate conditions are more suitable for rock climbing than for snow or ice climbing. Despite a large amount of snowfall and the drift thickness, the closeness of the sea causes short periods of a cold and stable climate, needed for consolidation of the snow surface, so it is necessary to check the weather forecast carefully when planning the climb. Microclimates in individual areas are also very distinguished, so, for example, Prokletije has much warmer and rainy winters than Durmitor, which because of its distance from the sea and relative overshadowing by other mountains chains offers much better conditions for climbing on snow-covered boulders. In general, March and the beginning of April are considered the most variable monthly periods that should be avoided. Although planning ahead for the long term may be difficult, the openness of these regions to a sudden burst of warmer as also colder air masses can at any moment give a period when temperatures are low enough, and snowpack is high and firm enough to catch under crampons or ice-axes.

The season for rock climbing lasts throughout the whole year, depending on the sea level altitude and exposition to the sun. Rocks in lower areas with mostly southern expositions are winter shelters for those whose access to higher mountains is withheld by snow, while coldness pushes them away from the shadows on the north and west sides. Equally, with warmer weather climbing on the big mountains and canyon rocks becomes popular, especially during summer months providing favorable conditions. During all seasons, rainy periods are frequent in the mountains, but they are a lot shorter during the summer and it takes less for climbing routes to dry. On the other hand, autumn and spring temperatures are completely acceptable for climbing rocks during dry intervals, especially if they have lower starting points or bigger parts exposed to the sun. In general, July and August are the main seasons in high mountains, April, May, June, September, and the beginning of October are the main season in the rocks of north and west exposition on minor altitudes above sea level, and the rest of the year is reserved for boulders exposed to the sun from the other side of the mountains. Of course, when there is no rain.
NOTE: Montenegro boulders have a limestone configuration, characterized by a higher or lower level of loose rocks, depending on location. In some areas, the quality of boulders is generally good, in some is not, but the fact is that most, especially lounger routes, have at least one loose section. It is interesting that the routes, on boulders that are not of such good quality, are still popular, mostly because of their lower grade of climbing difficulty or short areas. In both cases, following the path of less resistance can be counter-productive, especially for less experienced or less ready rope teams when the possibilities, as an objective and persistent danger still remain in unstable and loose terrains across which the route is passing.

Montenegro Hostel Team

FREE CLIMBING

FREE CLIMBING IN MONTENEGRO

There aren’t many arranged and equipped polygons for free climbing in Montenegro. Although the potential is immeasurable, this sport is undeveloped and has not yet been recognized as an attractive part of the tourism offer, so the investments are small too. Yet, with the enthusiasm of individuals and smaller organizations, several boulders are equipped with routes that by their aesthetic, difficulties, and dimensions completely correspond to modern world trends.

FREE CLIMBING IN BOKA

In Kotor, Ljuta, Dobrota, and Herceg Novi several routes with diverse difficulty levels are equipped, ranging from 10-40 m in height. The climb in Kotor is located above the bus station, with the firm and demanding boulder, around 40 m high and 150 m wide. Routes on the very end of the left part of the coating, with southeast exposition, don’t reach the peak of the rock, roadsters are set up at about 20 m of height, and they are difficult within the spread of VI+ to VIII- of the UIAA scale. Existing routes are equipped with glued axles, run-outs are short, and no matter how much we enjoy the climbing, your eyes are constantly wandering on the still untouched and unequipped lines. This climbing place has a large potential that maybe waits just for you to leave a route as your own legacy. In Ljuta and Dobrota there are routes designed for beginners and climbers who look for enjoyment in lower degrees of difficulty. On both climbing spots, five to six directions are arranged with identical characteristics, on the firm and solid boulders and with short access. Above Herceg Novi, minor exercise grounds are equipped on the boulders Čakotin and Šilobod, as training polygons for speleologists and climbers. 

FREE CLIMBING IN PODGORICA

The famous free-climbing polygon in Montenegro is located in the area of the main city in a little village Smokovac, on the way out of Morača Canyon. The cliff is about 30 m high and 200- 250 m wide, which accentuated heights and characteristic relief created by calcium-carbonate sedimentation. Its general orientation is towards the west, so even during the summer months, it provides good conditions for morning climbing (until noon), although the best climbs are during the spring and autumn. Access is short and arranged. The terrain below is the routes that are flat, suitable, and secure. The difficulty is ranging from V+ to X-, and the routes above the VII degree dominate. Although the equipping of these routes has started recently, the quality of the rock and attractive routes have already promoted this climbing spot as a leading Montenegrin climbing spot in this category. There is one more equipped rock in Podgorica, in the very heart of the city, on Ljubović Hill. The routes that range from IV to VII+ difficulty provide an easily accessible rest for those that don’t have too much spare time but yet wish to somehow break the usual rhythm of functioning the city’s uproar and rush. 

FREE CLIMBING IN NIKŠIĆ

Near the monastery Ostrog, in the Povija village, there is a climbing area with routes of diverse heights, from short boulder problems to classical multi-pitch lines. The equipped part is the 1-20 m high boulder, characterized by a tower shape, where climbing is possible from all sides. Difficulties are in the V-VII range and their south orientation, without wind interruptions, makes climbing pleasant even during the sunny winter days. On Jasenovo polje, a few kilometers north of Niksić, towards Šavnik is a rock, also equipped with several routes. Up to 20 m in height, route difficulties are in the VII-IX range. The only artificial cliffs in Montenegro are, for now, in Nikšić. The first is on the outside wall of the unfinished Dom Revolucije (Revolution Center), accessible to all, and the other is in the indoor Sports Center. Climbing on its possible by arrangements with the members of the Mountain Skiing Association “ Javorak” 

FREE CLIMBING IN KOLAŠIN

On the way to Kolašin towards the ski center “Jezerine”, in the Biočinovići village, there is an equipped free climbing polygon on a 40 m high crag. It is divided into two sectors, where the first one is directly next to the road, while the other one is ten minutes away along the path through the woods. The terrain is situated in the pinewood shade and offers excellent conditions for an escape from the summer heat. Routes are equipped systematically, with a goal to cover ad much wider range of difficulties as it is possible and to adjust space for climbers of different levels of knowledge, skill, and physical predisposition, especially for beginners and fewer ambitious amateurs. Equipping the routes of higher difficulties is left to the future climber’s interests. Arranging of this polygon was founded in May 2008, with the assistance of the Austrian-Montenegro Partnership “Bjelasica and Komovi” and members of the Outdoor Club from Podgorica. 

FREE CLIMBING IN ROŽAJE

A few kilometers away from Rožaje towards Novi Pazar, in the canyon of Ibar River is, for now, the only equipped climbing place in this region. The rock is located along the river, behind the first tunnel on the main road that leads from town to the north. Access to the rock is rather difficult, and the safest way to come down to its bottom is by a rope. The routes are in the VI-VII range, of medium difficulty. 

FREE CLIMBING IN GUSINJE

The development of free climbing on Prokletije received an unexpected surge in May 2008. On four locations in the Gusinje surrounding, several free climbing polygons were equipped with 65 routes in the III-X UIAA range. Polygons are located on "Alipašini izvori" (Alipasha's Springs 30 routes), Troja (10 routes), Đerani (13 routes), and in the Grbaja valley near mountain home (13). As in the Kolašin climbing sport, these polygons are primarily intended for beginners and recreational climbers, but it shouldn’t be forgotten that about half of the routes include line difficulties over VII, so that even the best climbers won’t be bored.

FREE CLIMBING SEASON

The free climbing season in Montenegro lasts in general during the whole year, but optimal conditions in individual locations vary depending on exposure, altitude, and current temperatures. Spring and autumn are always the most secure options, while during summer and winter, everything depends on the temperature. In lower areas closer to the sea, average winter temperatures are about 10˚C, which is completely acceptable for climbing. It is even better if the rock is exposed to the sun during some period of the day. On the other hand, these rocks are totally “unclimbable” during summer, since no one enjoys the temperature of +40˚and more, therefore it is necessary to search the rocks on higher mountains, of the ones that are in total shade. All this means that a global season doesn’t exist for this discipline, instead, there are more micro-seasons and individual best conditions. Therefore, at any time of the year, suitable conditions can be found. All arranged climbing rocks in Montenegro are in the direct vicinity of good and frequent traffic corridors. Whichever you choose, the access will not take more than half an hour's walk from the car, just as much as it takes to drive from the nearest city to the last parking zone.
NOTE: It is not known whether any kind of tax on free climbing is charged anywhere in Montenegro. State regulation does not include such mechanisms and as long as you stick to the public property, your freedom to climb to your heart’s content won’t be jeopardized by anyone. If the routes are on marked private property then it is necessary to get approval from the owner, which may include a certain monetary compensation. The routes on the territory of national parks also do not fall under the regime of special charges, but in order to climb in such places, you should pay an entrance fee to the park or a general residence tax.
As for all-mountain activities, one of the main assets of Montenegro in the field of free climbing is that it is almost completely undiscovered. Despite familiar and frequently visited climbing destinations in Europe and USA, where routes are literarily a few meters away from each other, here is common not to have a single route on entire mountains, although there are thousands of possible routes. If you want to add to the list of climbed routes some of which are completely yours, you will find ideal terrain in Montenegro. You will more often be left without inspiration for route names, than without routes for new climbers. If you want to complete your stay in Montenegro by enjoying free climbing, you will have to bring the full equipment. Although there are few teams or individuals that are doing free climbing and have acceptable equipment and are sometimes willing to borrow it, there is not a single shop where you could buy some pieces of technical climbing equipment-climbing shoes, rope, chalk or quick-draws, etc. Therefore, check that you have not forgotten anything.

Montenegro Hostel Team

BOULDERING

BOULDERING IN MONTENEGRO

Surrounded by the stone block of rocks, a few meters tall, with interesting combinations of several moves, you are losing excuses for not going climbing. You will always be able to find some spare time for this, it doesn’t demand distant travel, not especially a trained partner or some special equipment. Wherever you go, whether you wish for something easy, to warm up your hands, or you don’t have anything against spending a few days solving the same problem, some little boulder will always be there for you.

Climbed boulders are mostly located in the centers of climbing activities, like Prokletije, Žijevo, or Durmitor. Especially known are boulders in the Grbaja Valley on Prokletije Mountain, which are for years, the climbers’ only solace when the rain forces them to postpone some of the great climbing routes. They are situated along the valley, a few hundred meters away from the mountain home of Mountain Association “ Radnički”, and are up to three meters high, while previously climbed routes’ difficulty rangers from V4 to V7. Unfortunately, none of these routes have been named. The same is with the boulder in the Komarnica Valley, beneath the Bokeljske grede (Boka's Beams), but also with all local mountains and mountain valleys. The exceptions are boulders near Alipašini izvori (Alipasha's Springs) at Gusinje, where German climbers, during equipping of the free climbing polygon in May 2008, have marked few boulder problems of lower difficulties.

BOULDERING SEASON

If the answer to the question “where” is “almost everywhere”, then also to the question “when” you can answer “almost always”. If the winter and snow are covering the mountain boulders during winter, then ones at the coast or in Podgorica's surroundings are available. If you can’t even sleep because of the summer heat, let alone climb, then the mountain areas represent the peak of the bouldering season. In Montenegro, you can always find, in a couple of hours' drive at most, some boulders where it doesn’t snow or rain, and the temperature is just like it should be.

NOTE: In the Grbaja Valley, or so-called “other meadow”, there are several interesting boulders and above them arching crags of Maja Hekurit, Koplje (Spear), and Prestola (Throne).

Montenegro Hostel Team

ICE CLIMBING

ICE CLIMBING IN MONTENEGRO

Frozen waterfalls are present in all regions of Montenegro, from the coast to the northern mountains, but their forming time and duration, as well as the ice quality, are far more suitable in higher and colder areas. In the canyons of Morača, Mrtvica, and Tara, as well as in the valley of the mountains like Komarnica, most frozen waterfalls are formed or not so easily approachable places. Except for a few routes that have already been climbed, the possibilities for climbing for the first time and leaving the personal trail in ice crystals are huge. Whether it is still an unclimbed route on the existing or a completely new waterfall, every location where they are formed is still a treasury of undiscovered adventures.

ICE CLIMBING IN NEAR THE CITY OF BAR

Even though unusual, even a coastal town has the conquest of frozen waterfalls in its tourist offer. On the south side of the Rumija mountain, on the road which leads across Sutorman towards Virpazar, 15 minutes from Bar, there are two little waterfalls around 30 meters high and of WI 2-3 difficulty. Their exposition and geographical-climate position are not suitable for long duration and creation of sufficiently thick ice-shell but still represent extraordinary experience-swinging tools into ice, with the Adriatic Sea as the background.

ICE CLIMBING IN PODGORICA

The capital city of Montenegro is more known for summer heat than ice. Podgorica’s surrounding abounds with potential for this discipline, especially the canyons of Rivers Morača and Mrtvica. Waterfalls in Morača Canyon are easily accessible (except for a few lines under Dragovića polje, on the right bank of the river), and are in the vicinity of the asphalt road, with few of them in the close vicinity of the main road. The area with waterfalls is marked by jumps and variations in difficulties and the ice quality, which is the consequence of water freezing on weaker courses that don’t have a constant water inflow. Waterfalls like Svetigora, under the Morača Monastery, partly because of strong flow, and partly because of their exposition, rarely form lines suitable for climbs. Three waterfalls on the line Međurijećje-Morača Monastery (WI 3-5), are frequently formed during the season, as well as those under the turning on Mioska (WI 2-4), and there are numerous ice or mixed lines between Dragovića polje (Dragovica Field) and the source of Morača River (WI 3-5, M6 and more difficult). The Mrtvica Canyon, known by the hiking road, carved in a boulder on the left river shore by Yugoslav National Army soldiers, flows down the sharp canyon walls to enable only short periods of sunbathing, even on the sunny sides, these lines have relatively good quality and sufficiently thick ice shell, with a pretty difficult, long-lasting access and withdrawal. By now, not a single one of these routes was climbed in the canyon, and is a hundred meters high. In the direct vicinity of the city, on the way to the Kuči, there is a cascade waterfall Vodenica on funding brook, which relatively often freezes and gives good conditions for easy and interesting cascades that are around 15 m high. Waterfalls difficulties are in the range WI 2-3.

ICE CLIMBING IN ŠAVNIK (THE VALLEY OF KOMARNICA)

Considering the discipline, Šavnik surroundings are the most visited and attractive region in Montenegro, especially areas of villages Boan and Komarnica. Waterfalls in the Boan village are easy (WI 2) and are tenths of meters high, but the situation is changing as you approach Šavnik. A few kilometers away from the village above monastery Podmalinsko, the ice line “Francisco”, WI 3, 50 m high, is being formed, while, on the other side of the river, a whole little ice park, consisting mostly of icicles and stalactites, is being formed by a stream overflowing by the right bank and leaking down the rocks. No routers are climbed here. Everything is untouched nowadays as it was centuries ago.

In the Komarnica valley, there are three interesting waterfalls, with Skakavac as probably the most climbed one in Montenegro. It is situated on the Grabovica streamlet, in a little amphitheater before the river mouth, at the Nevidio Canyon’s entrance. The exposition and the relief in the background enable this relatively strong river flow to form an attractive ice structure, where especially attractive is a characteristic alcove in the upper half of the route. Through larded stalactites, like the fringes of some fairytale baldachin, opens a view to the dark kerfs of Nevidio (Unseen) and the mystery of its cliffs. The second waterfall is, situated on Mokra Ploča (Wet Slab) at the end of Komarnica village. Its difficulty is WI 4+/5; height is about 60 meters and freezers are very rarely in climbable form, with thin and fragile ice. The third, WI 5, 20 m, is a few kilometers further up the valley, hidden in the forest below the Boljske Grede (Boka's Beams).

ICE CLIMBING IN TARA CANYON

The biggest in Europe and one of the largest in the world, Tara Canyon is also home to numerous frozen waterfalls, but none of them have been climbed up to the very end. Since the approach to the crags and routes in the highest parts of the canyon is very difficult and long, we will limit ourselves only to the entrance part, from Dobrilovina to the bridge Đurđevića Tara.

In a big amphitheater, on the left side, only a few kilometers away from Dobrilovina towards the bridge, there is one of the most interesting and attractive waterfalls in Montenegro. Those who have enjoyed pictures (or climbing) on Fanga or Pilsner Pillar in the USA, will find something here for themselves–grand stalactite which ultimately touches the ground forming a pillar that is 30-40 m high, with ice that reaches at least the same height over the cliff.

For the ones that feel at home in the climbs rated in difficulties around WI 5, this line is more than a good reason for an early rise. Depending on the season, waterfalls that go down to the very road can be found in the whole of this area. Their heights, difficulties, and quality vary from wide and light curtains (WI 3), 20 m high, to the long and periodically mixed combinations in the bevels and lurking places that characterize that boulder above the road. Down the cliff over Tara’s right bank, in front of the bridge, streamlet brooklet's waters fall down and form a waterfall of great attractiveness in its structure and also by the scenery around it. It is about 70 m high, with difficulties that don’t go under WI 5. Because of the south exposition, sun warmth will represent a worthy prize for the effort of the first climbers, whenever they show up.

ICE CLIMBING SEASON

Although waterfalls in Montenegro freeze over almost every year, due to the relatively low sea-level altitude, mostly southern exposition, and above all, the closeness of the sea as a reservoir of warm air, which melts them, ice climbing season is very short. Low temperatures, on which they are formed, mostly begin at the end of November and last until March, but the period from the mid-December to mid of February is considered the best, although as usually takes two to three weeks of low temperatures for most of them to be regarded as climbable. Yes, these periods of cold times are hastily and rapidly changed or interrupted by significant defrosting, which melts and overthrows formed ice structures. So, it is always necessary to watch the weather forecasts and plan the climb accordingly. Sometimes the season offers only a few suitable days for climbing, and due to that, organizing longer climbing activities is impossible. Global warming, whose consequences are increasingly felt, also contributes to the season’s reduction.

NOTE:  All mentioned waterfalls are located on public property, therefore no special licenses are needed for access and climbing outside the national parks. For climbing waterfalls in the Tara Canyon, besides the usual tax of the NP “Durmitor”, no special taxes were required so far, but the fact the Park guards don’t have much understanding of this sport should be considered. Although there is no specific rule, they often demand from the rope teams to stop climbing and move away. You should be especially cautioned on the lines that go directly down to the traffic artery, where the safety of climbers and the other traffic participants is jeopardized. Rope teams that are climbing in such places should mark their position by standing to signal, in other to avoid, not only the traffic penalty but also any serious incidents that are completely unrelated to climbing.

Camping during winter makes sense only if high-quality equipment for bivouac is used: winter sleeping bags, good pallets, and four-season tents. Yet, the question is: are you able to enjoy the waterfalls after a night spent on several minus degrees, particularly when the goal is not only rising the limits of toughness but spending free time in a way that will charge your energy? So it is better to choose indoor accommodation, even if it is a bit far, to save more energy for tomorrow’s climb and lessen the possibility of some unwanted outcome caused by an inadequately organized bivouac.

Montenegro Hostel Team

SKIING

SKIING IN MONTENEGRO

The local terrain is ideal for tour skiing. Whether it is about long and technically demanding cruises or climbs with steep slopes loaded with adrenaline. Wherever you are in Montenegro, in the wintertime, at one hour's drive at most there is some hill with an ascent that awaits the fur on your skills.

SKIING ON DURMITOR

Durmitor Massif is the most famous winter destination in Montenegro, with huge potential for all skiing disciplines. Concerning tour skiing, there are many interesting lines on this mountain. The only question is just how much time you’ve got. Depending on technical possibilities and fitness, you can choose some of the long tours among the peaks of the middle massif.
One of the most popular tours starts beneath the cable car on Savin kuk (Sava's Hip)  and leads through the clear side of Šljemen up to the top.

From here the return is possible by the same path, through the Mlječni do or the circular continuation across Šljemen Cliff and Velika Kalica (Great Kalica). The other version is a lot longer and more demanding, it consists of skiing down the curvature between Šljemen and Milošev tok (Miloš's Flow) and bracket arm beneath the boulders of Malo Šljeme (Small Šljeme) towards the curvature Mala Pljevlja (Small Pljevlja), and from the spring, known as Točak (Wheel) right to the bottom of the ski track. The tour can be done in a day, and in case of slower advancement, the alpine bivouac in Velika Kalica is a secure and comfortable place to stay one night.

SKIING ON BJELASICA

The rounded peaks of Bjelasica provide immense possibilities for different touring, and yet are little used. One of the shorter and technically undemanding lines, which attracts with the beauty of the surrounding landscape and which is almost always possible to do, leads to the ski center Jezerine (1,444 m) across Katun Vranjak on the peak Troglav (2,072 m) with a system of light slopes and with several versions of descent. It is, if desired, possible to extend it with a bracket arm to Zekova glava (2,117 m), along which, you should keep away from the top line on the Troglav Cliff because of eventual caves. Three hours are needed for this tour.

SKIING ON MAGLIČ

This is not about Maglič Mount on the border of Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, but about one of the Kuči Mountains, between Komovi and Žijevo. The tour starts in Veruša village, at about 1,000 m above the sea level (depending on where you leave your car), follows the line across Mokra towards Širokara, some 12 km, and comes out on a curvature on the Katun Laković (1,820 m). Here it leaves a road, turns north, and keeping along with the line of wide cliff, some 2-3 km, goes to the highest peak Maglič Lumer (2,141 m). From there starts the slope which goes either along the southwest side of the Bušat curvature and the beginning of the Mokra valley or southeast to Maglički Bogazi and the upper part of Mokra. The first version is a bit steeper, while the second is longer and more interesting, with more space and different combinations. From Mokra the same road leads to Veruša. Between 6 to 8 hours are needed for the entire tour.

SKIING SEASON

As for most skiing activities, the season for alpine touring starts from the last days of November and continues, depending on snow quantity, until May. The end of winter and the beginning of spring is considered the best, either because of longer days or because of the thickness or compactness of snow cover. In any case, this activity requires at least favorable, meteorological conditions. Everything else is a question of convenience and skills.

NOTE: World statistics show that the biggest percentage of avalanche-related incidents to skiers on alpine touring. Crossing large distances in off-trail areas brings many dangers and risks, the biggest on the avalanche. Experience, knowledge, and being well-informed about conditions on the terrain must be the most important segment when planning your mountaineering and ski tours since these incidents happen usually away from the ones who would come to the rescue.

SKIING ON UNDEVELOPED PATHS

In all Montenegrin ski centers, there are great possibilities for skiing outside arranged paths, relatively near cable car as the easiest and fastest way to upturn. These terrains often provide more space for various ski adventures than the existing ski paths, therefore skiers who can ski very well in frozen or deep snow can enjoy the slopes along the length of natural monument lines. The other, incomparably wider category of ski fields outside the arranged paths, are mountains with no ski infrastructure at all, but with slopes that look as if they are made for a free ride. They require more effort and organization, the danger is greater and help is more distant and harder to reach, but the feeling of adventure and pleasure is such that every risk seems worth taking.

Durmitor

The most popular off-trail skiing lines on Durmitor are those on Savin kuk (Sava's Hip), whose peaks are only a few hundred meters away from the last cableway station. Skiing down to the east side, the so-called clear side, is possible from there, as well as skiing along the corridor between the upper cableway or skiing down Mesna Lastva to Velika Kalica. The other two versions have very steep and demanding slopes, with a slant of around 45˚, and they are only for good and confident skiers. There is a clear side of Šljemen, but since there are no ski lifts on these peaks, the uprising is possible either on alpine skis or on foot, with skis on the back. The slant of this mountain is about 30˚, and in good snow conditions, it really provides real enjoyment. In Velika Kalica under Šljeme is the residue of an ancient glacier, known as Debeli namet (Thick Alluvium), where it is possible to ski even in summer.

Bjelasica
Bjelasica is known for its gentle and long slopes, pastures during the summer, and ideal spaces for skiing or snowboarding during winter. For those who are not ready to carry skis on their shoulders for long in order to go down the slopes through the snow powder, the most accessible cliffs are on Bjelasica which leads southwest from the peak Ključ (Key). From here, it is possible (for good skiers) to go down to the ski track line in several different ways. Whichever you choose, take care of the eventual caves of the cliffs. The difference in height is around 300m.

Season
The best skiing conditions in Montenegro are from mid-January until mid-March, but the season sometimes beings much sooner or can be extended to the last days of April. Even here, global climate changes cause disruption in temperatures and rainfall quantity, but the annual high point of snow thickness and its quality is exactly during this period. If your goal is at a higher altitude, the reason expands. Some lines are already formed in November and can last until the end of May. Of course, the most ideal skiing conditions shouldn’t be expected then.

NOTE: Although it doesn’t belong particularly demanding, the slope down the so-called “clear side” of Savin kuk on Durmitor is classic of local skiing outside the arranged tracks. Pitch is about 30-35˚somewhere even 40-45˚, around two kilometers long at starting altitudes of 2,313 m and bottom altitudes of 1,480m. While you ski, the plateau of Jezerska Visoravan (Lake’s Upland) opens in front of your eyes showing the mountains of the middle and northeast part of Montenegro, as a wide elusive space. The access is easy, by cable car all the way to Savin kuk, and then a few hundred meters by foot to Peak’s outlet. In the upper part, the path follows the line of the cliff above Velika Kalica, then slowly separates towards the south and gradually, depending on the snow, drags to the regular ski track. Because of the south and southeast orientation of the slope, snow is often not good enough for skiing but when it forms, this line gives an unforgettable enjoyment. There are no specialized services in Montenegro that deal with avalanches, therefore, if you wish to ski outside of the usual paths you should check the state of the snowdrift and its eventual tendency to avalanches. You should avoid slopes with exposition and orientation that can cause avalanche movements, which are located in the layers of snow caves on the cliffs and lead to concave relief shapes, especially after larger rainfalls or temperature rises. Do at least rough avalanche testing on every slope. Those 15 minutes can save your life.

Montenegro Hostel Team

SPELEOLOGY

SPELEOLOGY IN MONTENEGRO

The Mountain massifs of Orijen, Lovćen, Meganik, Kapa Moračka, Durmitor, and Prokletije, as well as the part of Pešter plateau, have karst is overfilled from long holes to deep caves, and there is no area without at least some gaping hole. Considering the complexity of terrain, number, and characteristic of the structure's research possibilities, specific speleological organizations have been organizing activities in the same locations. A database on terrains was made and constantly expanded as well as a map of halls will be able to conjure the beauties of the Montenegrin geological underworld.

VJETRENA BRDA CAVE

In the area of National Park Durmitor there are several speleological elements of imposing size, mostly caves. The thickness of the karst and the high altitude of the entrances enable the creation of deep caves, among which is the cave on Vjetrena brda (Windy hills) that was for long considered the deepest in the Balkans, while the cave on Mali Lomni Do carries an epithet of technically most demanding even today. The cave on Vjetrena brda, with 755 m of depth, is the deepest one in Montenegro and one of the deepest in the Balkans. Although there are no big technical difficulties in it, its grand size demands serious organization well-prepared team, and a large amount of equipment. The cave was discovered by Polish speleologists. In August 1985, during the international speleological expedition “Durmitor 85”, the cave was explored to the very bottom, at 897 m of depth, according to the measuring at that time. The last measure (2005) with more precise instruments has shown that the real depth is 775 meters.

Although it is not the deepest one, the cave on Mali Lomni Do is technically the most demanding. Because of that, it is not often the subject of actions or expeditions, while stories of conquering its details are an inevitable part of local speleological history. Discovered and searched up to a depth of 560 meters in 1984, during the international speleological expedition “Durmitor 85”, when the ultimate depth of 605 m was reached, without the possibility of further progression. The cave system in Obručin, with a depth of 464 m, is the most often visited cave on Durmitor. It is an excellent introduction and preparation for descending down into bigger and more difficult objects. For the first time, this technically relatively easy cave system was explored during an international expedition.

ĐALOVIĆA KLISURA (DJALOVIC’s GORGE)

The cave above Vražiji firovi (Devil’s Whirlpools) in Djalovic's Gorge (the canyon of Bistrica River), near Bijelo Polje, is the longest cave system in Montenegro. It is situated about a kilometer upstream from Glava Bistrica, through Đalovića klisura (Djalovic's Gorge), at the same altitude as the lowest one of four ponds, so-called Vražiji firovi. Explored length of this canal is around 11,750 m, while the precise measure is 10.550m, and the denivelation is about 120 m. Researched cave part above Vražiji firovi consists of canals, hallways, and caves that are mostly divided into four basic entities:  A canal with lakes, Veliki Lavirint (Great Labyrinth), Veliki Kanal (Great Canal), and braid of canals that connect the upper level with the lower one. The richness of morphologic shapes and cave jewelry make this cave a pearl of the local underground, by its dimensions and aesthetics.

MAGANIK AND MORAČA MOUNTAIN

The central part of Montenegro, in which the mountain massive rises on Maganik, Prekornica, Kape Moračke, and Lola, are also exquisitely attractive speleological terrains. Among the huge number of cave objects and different depths, Dvogrla jama (Two-necked Pit) in Pribatov dol on Maganik, stands out by its dimension, at 395m of depth, and cave in Crveni dol beneath Stožac and Kapa Moračka (444m). In 1994, both caves have been explored for the first time, and in 2001, during the research of the depth limit of 393 m, a cave continuation that increased its depth to 444 meters was found in a hole of Crkevi Dol.

ORJEN, LOVĆEN AND RUMIJA MOUNTAINS

Southern areas, especially ones covered with chains of seaside mountains Rumija, Lovćen, and Orjen, don’t have altitudes like the ones in Durmitor, which enabled the formation of caves of great depths, but they don’t lag behind in their numbers and diversity of speleological objects. Terrains like Kameno more (Stone Sea) within the wider scope of Orijen massif, where caves burst, practically everywhere, or on the wider Lovćen region and mountains leaned onto it, offer almost unlimited possibilities of enjoyment in the underground magic. The zone of the main coastal cliffs is characterized by the formation of holes or combined cave-hole objects that drain the surface waters towards that coast, as is confirmed by several hydrological examinations. An example is a combined cave in Duboki do, in the Njeguši area, which is 2,178 m long and 506 m deep. Its dimensions make one of the most representative Montenegrin speleological objects in both categories, while the unique complexity of passage, which includes speleological diving in a great siphon, demands from the speleologist all of his knowledge, equipment, and skills.

SPELEOLOGY SEASON

During the whole year, the air temperature in speleological objects is the same, but not the level and amount of water in the streams and accumulations. That is why the second half of summer and the beginning of autumn is the best choice since during that time the surface receives the smallest amount of precipitations, which are still drained and collected in caves. Besides that, after numerous hours spent in wet and cold overalls, it is good to meet a warm August morning instead of a February storm.

NOTE: Speleology in Montenegro is free. Exceptions are the areas of national parks, where you should pay general and visitor’s fee, and for every activity in objects of NP Durmitor, you should get approval from the park management. Cave jewelry that we admire so much and whose beauty is the counterbalance to the extraordinary monumentality of underground spaces should remain there for everyone else that will come to admire it. Resist the drive to break it off and don’t take it away. From the silence of underground chambers, souvenirs are carried in memories, not in a bag.

Montenegro Hostel Team

CAVE DIVING

CAVE DIVING IN MONTENEGRO

Speleo diving, the most demanding and dangerous mix of underground and underwater enjoyment, the mostly divided into two categories: diving into surface springs and wells, whose canals are continuing further through the underground, and diving in siphons, lakes, and streams inside the speleological objects. The first version is mean easier access and logistics, but deeper, longer, and more complicated diving, while in the other case, diving is often in service of passing some permanently or temporarily sunken object’s segments, starting and ending in the darkness and the cold of the cave.

By now, in Montenegro, cave diving has usually been done in both ways, mostly within international speleological activities and expeditions. Cave divers’ attention has been drawn by Savino oko (Sava's eye) in Prokletije, source Jama (Pit) in canyon Mrtvica, estevela Gurdić in Kotor, as well as underwater sources in Skadar Lake like Karuč, Raduš, ponds in Malo blato (Little Mud), etc. The end of any of them wasn’t reached up to nowadays. For example, in Savino oko it was dived up to 64 m of depth, without indications of the near end. This form of cave diving is becoming increasingly popular, while dives in speleological sites have been, until now, done in the caves above Vražji virovi (Devil’s Whirlpools) and Duboki do (Deep Bottomland) on Lovćen Mountain.

CAVE DIVING SEASON

For diving in springs on the surface, considering the outside weather conditions, the most suitable period is summer, while for activities inside the sites, the situation is a bit different. In the caves and caverns, whose dimensions and magnitudes represent a greater danger from flow burst after copious rainfalls on the surface, it is recommended to dive during winter when low temperatures freeze most drain canals and cut the waters’ breakthrough into the underground. While choosing the speleological diving terrain you should keep in mind the regulations that are pretty undefined in this area. That especially refers to diving inside the National Park Skadar Lake, where local authorities will prevent your access or allow you to dive, depending on their own will more than on the existing written rules. In principle, it is necessary to get approval from the National Park.

NOTE: Savino oko (Sava's eye) in the Ropojana Valley has for long been the inevitable part of every visit to Prokletije. It seems like its emerald color is spilling over the banks and hypnotizing with its unreal appearance. To dive in it rounds up the story, regardless of the temperature of 4˚C. When making diving plans in the spring of Skadar Lake, it is also good to consider the modified socio-demographic conditions on its shores. If you wish to dive here, it would be wise for you to get all possible licenses and to watch out for local poachers, believe it or not, their favorite fishing tool is dynamite.

Montenegro Hostel Team

CANYONING

CANYONING IN MONTENEGRO

The feeling of adrenaline that splashes us over from the inside, making us stronger and faster, rising inner tension up to a breaking point, and turning experienced moments into a pack of emotions for the year ahead, is a reason enough for any adventure. Canyoning means enjoying a water flow, which gallops through kerfs, files down the cliffs, and cataracts into deep boilers under a veil of millions of drops.

CANYONING IN NEVIDIO

The beginning of the canyon Komarnica, known by the name Nevidio (Unseen), is the most famous and visited canyoning terrain in Montenegro. The entrance is situated in the village Komarnica, about ten kilometers from Šavnik, 50 meters after the meeting point of the small River Komarnica and Grabovica. It is 3.4 km long while passing through it usually lasts about four or five hours. There are several technical details with jumps in pools or slopes down the rope, but also there are areas where you can walk.

Exiting the canyon, after the last jump and waterfall, consists of a pretty hard climb along a sharp left side, some 200 m towards the road that follows the direction of its extension. Thanks to the members of MSS (Mountain Skiing Society) “Javorak” from Nikšić, who passed through its shadows and whirlpools in 1965, Nevidio has become a synonym from this discipline in Montenegro.

CANYONING IN GRLJA CANYON

Technically the hardest, the coldest, and the darkest canyon in Montenegro, it is formed by a little River Grlja, in Vusanje village, under the Prokletije, 5-6 km from Gusinje. The entrance is at the beginning of the Ropojana valley, in a place where water from Grlja falls into a 15 m deep boiler and continues further among narrow depart cliffs. The canyon is relatively short, less than your feet during the rappels down the waterfalls. Their heights are from 7 to 30 m. At the end of the canyon is a breakwater or a plug made of deposited materials (mostly branches), above five meters long that should be dived under or jumped over. After it, on the way out of the canyon water stream becomes perfectly calm and easy.

The passage lasts for about two hours. In the canyon itself, it is very important to pay attention to the biggest waterfall, which starts bit by bit and almost unexpectedly transgresses vertically, from where it is almost impossible to jump down safely because of the cliffs that stick out. Anchors are equipped with bolds, and equipment for departure, besides the classic combination of iron and textile, includes neoprene wetsuits of at least five mm thickness. The river itself changes in the canyon entering as the Grlja River and flowing out as the Ljuča River.

CANYONING IN TREBJEŠNICA CANYON (SJEVERNICA)

The Trebješica River sources above the village of Gornja Trebješica, at about 1,200 m of altitude. With Sjevernica, it interconnects in the canyon itself, as the left confluent of the Morača River, disgorging in it at the bridge Pjenavac (180 m), on the main Adriatic road. The depth of the canyon is about 300 to 400 m and is around three kilometers in length. The canyon itself is easy the passage that lasts about three hours. The best access to the canyon is from the railway station Trebješica (780 m) at the railroad Podgorica-Bijelo Polje, four stations before Kolašin.

From out there, it takes two hours to the canyon entrance that starts at 630 m, beneath the village Donja Trebješnica. The whole tour demands specific physical preparedness because it takes around eight hours of walking, descent, and swimming, from the Trebješica station to the main road. From equipment, besides a little plunger suit and technical equipment, a little pontoon is suitable too.

CANYONIG IN BOGUTOVSKI POTOK (BOGUTOVSKI STREAM)

The Bogutovski potok canyon is in the territory of the Rovci, 30 km from Podgorica towards Kolašin. It is about 1.5 km long and has eight verticals, where the biggest one is 25 m high. There are natural anchors for descending on most verticals, while there are hangers with rings on others. The tour ends with the delta of Bogutovski potok (Bogutov's Stream) in Morača, in the most beautiful part of Platije, and it takes about five hours.

You can access the canyon from the village Vlahovići, which goes to the main road from Podgorica to Kolašin. You should turn left at the sign from Trmanje Village, at the 33rd km, from where there are about 10 km of asphalt road 633 m high village. Coming down from the village to the very riverbed of the stream by macadam takes about 45 minutes.

CANYONING IN ŠKUDRE CANYON

Škurda Canyon, one of the most vertically exposed canyons in Montenegro is situated directly above Kotor and comes down to the very city walls. The easiest access to its entrance is by a marked path that starts as a place called Krstac, on the road Kotor-Cetinje (at about 900 m of altitude) and leads down the hill, through the pinewood, following the shore of the stream. The canyon entrance is at the old stone breakwater at 600 m of altitude, from where the path proceeds along the left side. In several places, it is possible to leave the canyon and come down to Kotor following the path. In the canyon, there are 25 verticals, up to 35 m in height, equipped with fixed installation for descending in places where there are no natural anchors.

A well-trained team needs 6-7 hours for passing through. During the summer months, the canyon bed is characterized by an intermittent (not continuous) streamflow, and due to that the route is easier, but stagnant water in pools and stone tubs is more an ambiance for frogs than mountaineers. So, it is better to choose later spring when river waters partly make the passage difficult, but in return make it much more beautiful and attractive from the sports perspective.

CANYONING SEASON

Canyoning, as a sport in the cold waters of mountain rivers, is certainly a summer recreation. Besides that, ones with less experience sometimes prefer to enjoy the canyon’s architecture and landscape than the water flowing along its bed, so in this period of low water- level, experiencing this adventure becomes possible for the largest number of admirers.

NOTE: A small circle of people partakes in canyoning in Montenegro. That means that there are many canyons and gulches where no man has passed, whose secrets no one has discovered, and not a word has been spoken yet about their beauty. While you are picking the ropes, diving suit, and helmet in a transport bag, don’t hold back the explorer in you. As rarely anywhere else in Europe, there are plenty of places for him in Montenegro, especially when we talk about precipitous water passage in stone, with a skyline above the head wide as the water flow beneath the feet.

Montenegro Hostel Team

RAFTING

RAFTING IN MONTENEGRO

Mountain rivers like Tara, Lim, and Morača especially in their canyon areas full of rapids that call and attract, boil in bubbles, and outshine with intensity. From the other side, the calmness of Skadar Lake, Zeta, and the upper stream of Morača seem as if it calms down and hushes, collected adrenaline calls on peace, and relaxes senses.

RAFTING ON RIVER TARA

Rafting down the Tara River is a trademark of the local tourist offer, not without reason. One of the most beautiful canyons on the planet, about 85 km long, is mostly passed in two or three days, while adventure starts at location Splavište, a few kilometers downstream from the bridge over Đurđevića Tara. To this place, you can arrive from three directions Mojkovac, Pljevlja, and Žabljak. The first session relates mostly to rafting down from Splavište to Radovanova Luka, and then from Radovanova Luka to Brštanovica and the third one is from Brštanovica, with difficulties rated from three to four WW, depending on the water quantity. In a place called Lazin Kamen, Tara is the narrowest, only four meters wide and also deepest (about 16 meters), while the canyon cliffs reach the greatest heights, around 1,300 m, at Bajlović Sige. Since there is a carriage road to Brštanovica, one-day rafting tours are often organized from Brštanovica to Šćepan Polje, which is the essence of adrenaline and enjoyment in the fastest river section. Places for rest and sleep are organized camps and a motel in Radovan Luka.

RAFTING ON RIVER MORAČA

Considering fast waters, rafting on the Morača is possible from Međurječje, that is, from the junction of the Mrtvica into the Morača, depending on the water level. From there to Podgorica, rapids whirlpools, gulfs, cliffs and caves, beaches, and canyon fragments are interchanging. The easiest access to water and limits of potential sections are in Međugorje, Duga, Bioče, Smokovac, and Podgorica, wherefrom the river already much calmer continues through Zetska Ravnica (Zeta’s Lowland) on Skadar Lake.

RAFTING ON RIVER LIM

Lim is suitable for rafting all along its stream through Montenegro and considering the inhabitation of its shores, it is possible to choose the start, finish, and length of sections, according to almost everyone’s desire. Besides segments of the river’s canyon, beneath Berane and Bijelo Polje towards Brodarevo, the river is not characterized by long continuing rapids, therefore it represents a combination of the calm and strong mountain stream. Unfortunately, River Lim is almost completely unexploited by rafters in Montenegro.

RAFTING SEASON

Considering the seasonal difference in the water level, the same river section may seem completely different, depending on the period of the year. Snow melting in spring brings new water masses to streams, rising their level and making them incomparably stronger and more powerful. For this with more knowledge and experience, this is the time of enjoying the adrenaline of the river at its peak.

The water level falls during the summer months and at the beginning of autumn, making streams so much lower than they are accessible for most recreational rafters. During the years of strong big droughts, some streams decrease so much that they seem more like a system of connected swamps than a river whose whirlpools you should be afraid of. This is especially characteristic of Morača, while Tara and Lim reduced, have enough water during the whole year.

Montenegro Hostel Team

FAST WATER KAYAKING

FAST WATER KAYAKING IN MONTENEGRO

Rapids of local rivers according to the size of the kayak, open space for adventure, even beyond the main and the best-known courses. Naturally, rivers: Tara, Morača and Lim, and Ibar,  enjoy the deserved and untouchable priority, but the possibility of kayaking down their confluences, during higher water levels shouldn’t be disregarded. Among them, stand out Ljuča. Komarnica is the stream’s section from the Nevidio canyon until the delta into Piva River, Mala Rijeka, and Cijevna River, which gives away their waters to Morača, although several little rivers during the first spring months surely known to foam as well.

KAYAKING ON RIVER TARA

During its entire course (124 km) Tara represents wild water, sailable from Opasnica to Šćepan Polje. Certainly, the most interesting part is through the canyon itself, about 85 km in length. The hardest sections are, depending on the water level, 3-4 degrees of difficulty, and in the canyon, there are several places for the rest and overnight stay. The most common combination, both for rafting and kayaking, is the whole tour from Splavište, at the bridge Đurđevića Tara to Šćepan Polje, or only the most interesting part, which starts with Brštanovica’s rapids. It should be mentioned that on the section from Brštica to Splavište, at Đurđevića Tara, for the length of 20 km down, the descent is forbidden.
Kayaking on Tara is often divided into five sections:

Mateševo–Kolašin , WW I-II+, 10 km
Kolašin–Mojkovac, WW III, 20 km
Mojkovac–Bistrica, WW I-II, 14 km
Bistrica–Splavište, WW III-V, 20 km closed for passage
Splavište–Šćepan Polje, WW I-III, 80 km

KAYAKING ON RIVER MORAČA

All that is said for the possibility of rafting in the area of Morača’s river stream above Podgorica, stands also for a kayak on wild waters. Since a kayak is more maneuverable than a big pontoon and passes much harder, narrower, and more interesting rapids, the makes Morača an even better field for this adventure. Kayaking down the steepest part of canyon Platije, where several hundred-meter-high cliffs go down vertically into the water, should not be missed. Morača is a river with the hardest details of rapids in the whole of Montenegro, with three details of WWX during the period of high water level. Its sections are:

Ljevišta–Dragovića Polje WW IV-V(X), 7 km
Dragovića Polje–manastir Morača, WW IV-V (X), 9 km
Manastir Morača–Međuriječje, WW III+, 6 km
Međuriječje–Dormira, WW III (IV), 12 km
Dormira–Bioče WW I-II (IV, X), 10 km
Bioče–Smokovac WW I-II, 6 km
Smokovac–Podgorica, WW I-II, 6 km

KAYAKING ON RIVER LIM

Together with Ljuča and Lim Rivers is the second place in Montenegro, considering the length and its 93 kilometers of a stream consisting mostly of rapids and foam. The best kayaking conditions are from April until June, although Lim is sailable for kayaking and rafting during the whole year. Part of the canyon, between Berane and Zaton. Lim is most often canoed in the following sections:

Ali-paša’s springs–Plavsko Lake, WW I, 17 km
Plavsko Lake–Murina, WW III-IV, 10 km
Murina–Andrijevica, WW II (III), 13 km
Andrijevica–Berane, WW I-(III), 17 km
Berane–Zaton, WW III (V), 6 km
Zaton–Ribarevina, WW I-II, 23 km
Ribarevina–Bijelo Polje, WW II-III, 7 km

KAYAKING ON RIVER CIJEVNA

This river is not a special challenge for rapid lovers, but there is something that is only this river’s specialty. After the way out of the canyon, running through Ćemovsko polje (Ćemovsko Field) Cijevna River makes a riverbed that reminds of a little canyon and meandering for kilometers with a width that is hardly bigger than the river itself, and its depth doesn’t pass over a few meters.

KAYAKING SEASON

As it is for rafting, the water level on all rivers of Montenegro is the basic precondition for kayaking (only Tara and Lim have a suitable amount of water even in the driest periods). Some rivers, especially in the summer water level, therefore spring is the best period. Naturally, with the bigger amount of water, rapids rise in their strength and beauty, but also in difficulties and levels of danger, therefore it is not necessary to create a balance between the skills and stream’s possibilities. In the middle of April, the rapids of Morača’s upstream are certainly not for beginners.

NOTE:  As there for rafting, kayaking through the canyons of Tara and Morača, or down the rapids of Lim, there is complete accommodation and transportation infrastructure. Along the streams of rivers Komarnica, Cijevna, and Mrtvica camping are possible if you don’t organize some type of private accommodation. No story about wild waters in Montenegro seems complete without the rapids of Bršatnovica, Borovi, Čelija, and Donja Vjernovica on Tara, as the longest of all local streams. Route difficulties are WW 3-4 u depending on the water level, and access to Brštanovica is possible by motor vehicles going from Šćepan Polje or by the river, coming from Đurđevića Tara. Several foreign teams, which analyzed the potential of local rivers for whitewater kayaking, were unanimous in a review that the best, hardest, and most attractive rapids are in the upper stream of Ibar, near Rožaje.

Montenegro Hostel Team

SAILING

SAILING IN MONTENEGRO

For anyone who has cruised on a boat even for a day or two, it is needless to point out what an amazing experience it is. Freedom to wander, independence from those on the mainland, new perspectives, and the vastness of water and the sky above you are just some of the amazing array of experiences and new feelings it arouses, definitely making sailing a thing one should enjoy at least once in his life. Whether you own a boat of your own or you are looking for a rental ship, here is some advice on what to expect and plan your trip more successfully.

Montenegrin coast is not long but nevertheless, it offers many breathtaking sights. Its northernmost part is Boka Kotorska (Gulf of Kotor) an extraordinarily long gulf dotted with historic churches and old villages. The conditions for sailing here are superb due to favorable winds and mountains sheltering it from the strong south winds. Almost all of the coastal villages here provide basic conditions for the mooring of ships so one can leap from one to another exploring them both from the sea and from the land. The rest of the coastline faces the open sea and therefore has much better beaches and cleaner water but lacks sheltered coves and adequately equipped marinas.

The entry to the territorial waters of Montenegro should be announced to the harbor master's office in Kotor (north) or Bar (south) on VHF channel 16. Sailing from abroad, you should register with the customs at the ports of entry in Zelenika, Risan, Kotor, Tivat, Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj. If sailing in from the north (Croatia) the most convenient port in Zelenika, east of Herceg Novi, serves mostly cargo ships.

Arriving from the south your choice should be in Bar, the chief port of Montenegro. As the customs office is hard to locate you are advised to dock in the marina and inquire locally. The customs formalities are generally dealt with quickly and without hassle. You should visit customs for clearance when you decide to leave. For sailing in Montenegro, you will need a permit from the harbor master's office which lasts for one whole year.

On the whole, Montenegro has favorable cruising conditions. The winds here are the same as the rest of the eastern Adriatic. In summer, during the day there is a permanent breeze from the NW-mistral (called locally maestral), or NNE bora (bura) of moderate strength. Nights are generally still or have slight bora. Most of the forceful storms come from the west. Sirocco (jugo) grows from the SW but once at full strength, it blows strongly for several days (most not more than three) bringing rain and creating high waves.

One of the main advantages of Montenegro over other Mediterranean countries is its relative anonymity and thus also lack of sailing crowds. There are not many locals sailing around since most of them enjoy motorboats and yachts. Montenegro has one the best marina on the Adriatic Sea for mega-yachts named Porto Montenegro, and very soon it will have several brand new marinas on the highest possible level of quality like Lustica Bay (located on Peninsula Luštica) and Portonovi located in Kumbor next to Herceg Novi.

Montenegro Hostel Team

MOUNTAIN BIKING

MOUNTAIN BIKING IN MONTENEGRO

In Montenegro, there is terrain for all MTB versions and disciplines, except arranged parks for trial acrobatics. Mountain paths and woodland roads for those that enjoy breakneck descents, combined cross-country shares, long asphalt, macadam, and combined paths, are all of that somewhere near your destination. Finally, in 2007 several biking tours were included in the official tourist offer, among which are Nikšić-Bijela-Trsa-Brštanovica, round tour around Durmitor, Kolašin-Rikavačko Lake-Podgorica, and Virpazar–Ostros–Ulcinj.

NIKŠIĆ-BIJELA-TRSA- BRŠTANICA

With a total length of about 140 km, this tour is one of the longest in Montenegro. It is attractive because it passes by the most beautiful canyons, Bijela, Komarnica, Sušica, Tara, and also through more and more deserted areas of Drobnjak and Piva. Driving is mostly on asphalt, partly on macadam parts. Passing this route takes two to three days.

RING AROUND DURMITOR

The road around Durmitor is a very demanding day-long tour, 86 km long. It follows a line of asphalt and macadam roads that embrace this mountain massif, starting and ending in Žabljak. The silence of the canyon Sušice, the verticals of Tara canyon, the coolness of the spruce woods of Montenegro and Štuoc, the sunbath grasslands of Dobri Dol, Sedlana Greda, Vjetrena Brda (Windy Mounts), and wideness of Jezerska Visoravan (Lakes Upland) are just some of the fairy tales that you will enjoy.

KOLAŠIN-RIKAVAČKO LAKE-PODGORICA

It is a 93 km long ride, driven in one long and exhausting day, or of two relaxed days. 4,255 m of climbs and descents mostly recommend this other option, with sleeping in Rikavac or Širokar. You will be able to see the first waves of Tara, the rocks, and grasslands, of Kuči Mountains, the green reflections of Rikavačko Lake, and the stone peace of Cijevna Canyon.

PODGORICA-RIJEKA CRNOJEVIĆA-VIRPAZAR-OSTROS-ULCINJ

One of the most popular tours in Montenegro will lead you along the south shores of Skadar Lake, a postcard picture area. Altogether 110 km long, it is a real waste to rush through this tour for a day. Choose the autumn sun and its palette of colors, plan to sleep in Virpazar, and experience the magic of water lilies, long boats, chestnut woods, sea waves, and dessert. The other part of this tour has entered the list of the most representative, and the view on Skadar Lake from Pavlova strana (Paul's side), above Rijeka Crnojevića, is reason enough to drive 54 km more. But it is certainly not the only one.

MOUNTAIN BIKING SEASON

Summer is the usual time for spinning pedals along mountain roads and paths, and the Skadar Lake surrounding and areas around Podgorica, Nikšić, and Cetinje are most pleasant during spring and autumn. A huge number of sunny days make mountain biking in Montenegro possible almost during the whole year, the tours only need to be scheduled. It can be a downhill, trial, cross-country, or usual cruising in the area on two wheels.

NOTE: Except for narrowly defined zones in national parks, where bans on any kind of means of transport, except your own feet, are effective, all other highways, roads, and paths in Montenegro are open to the cyclist. Passing through large and controlled tunnels is forbidden, and although it means prolonging the road for kilometers up and down the hill, this rule should be respected. Most MTB tours are situated along carriage roads of different quality all over Montenegro. Some pass through places where people are fewer and fewer. On one of these roads, not only there is no crowd, but hours will be passed before you come across anyone like in the area of Komovi that belongs to Kuči, Maganik, Sinjajevina, etc. The bike ride is an occasion to discover life in an area that slowly disappearing.

Montenegro Hostel Team

PARAGLIDING

PARAGLIDING IN MONTENEGRO

As one location paragliding fanatic said, the terrain is wherever a hill with a little valley on the side exists, and in Montenegro, that means everywhere. Some slopes, especially ones above the seashore, are popular because of the combination of heights, landscape beauty, and easy access to the take-off areas, especially landings on some of the beaches. Other locations demand more hiking and caring for the equipment, but they derive an adventure worth every drop of sweat. The adventure of sky silence over the mountain’s tranquility, flying over ground that is rarely walked over.

BRAJIĆI

Probably the most popular take-off area in Montenegro, both because of the easy access to the start, as well as the possibility to fly over Budva Riviera. The start is at 750 m of altitude, which short and rocky flying field of small inclination. Wind stronger than 4 m/s causes a lot of turbulence at the start, which combines with the take-off area makes this location not so suitable for beginners. The most frequent zone for landing is Bečići Beach, and the slope is mostly south-oriented.

PAŠTROVSKA GORA

To take-off area is on a wide slope, overgrown with grass, in Bijele Poljane, close to the Adriatic Road. The start is at 687 m above sea level, the slope’s orientation is dominantly southern and unlike the take of areas in Brajići, it is very suitable for less experienced pilots. From the very beginning, it is reachable by car, and the landing zone is a beach in Buljarice.

RADOŠTAK

Radoštak dominates over Herceg Novi and Risan Bay, as Orijen’s narrowest cliff. A take-off area is at 1,450 m of altitude, pretty rocky and short, situated about two hours of walk from Motel Borići. The slope is mostly south-oriented, and a landing zone is most often Sutorina of the beaches in Zelenika and Igalo. A little bit underneath there is a take-off area in Dizdarica, at around 850 m of altitude, which has the same slope characteristics and landing zone.

SAVIN KUK

Durmitor is not lacking paragliding terrains, the question is whether you are in a mood to carry the equipment on your back. For those without these ambitions, the flying field on Savin Kuk is a perfect solution. Under the very field, at 2,300 m of altitude, arrival is arranged by cable car, and when it’s not operational, there is a good mountain path. East and southeast-oriented slope open to the upland of Jezera and represents the start of the south barrier of the entire massif. The landing zone is beneath, at 1,480 m of altitude. 

POPADIJA

Popadija is a peak on Prokletije, on the Albanian border. It takes two hours to reach this peak by the path that starts at Grbaja Mountain home. The flying field is wide and grassy, at about sea level, and depending on the wind direction it is possible to glide over the north or east slope. The landing zone is a big field, very near to the mountain home, but considering the closure of the valley, you should count on pretty strong turbulence. During the landing, be mindful of the local transmission line located in the middle of the valley, in the northeast direction. Flying here is maybe the easiest way to understand why many consider Grbaja Valley to be the most beautiful in Montenegro.

PARAGLIDING SEASON

Considering the strength and frequency of the winds, the most pleasant period for paragliding in Montenegro is summer. That doesn’t mean that this sport should be forgotten in other seasons. Although there are far fewer days with the optimum weather forecast, autumn colors of the woods or glistening off the snow-covered areas are pretty good to be patient and wait for good flying conditions.

NOTE: Although there is officially no standardized fee for paragliding in this area, to be on the legal side of carefree flying, you should always carry a verified license with you. It can be odd, but many power lines and electrical transmission systems are not all or are wrongly identified on maps. For a paragliding pilot who wishes to mingle with local birds, it is very important to examine a completely planned flight path on his own, from the take-off to the landing zone.

Montenegro Hostel Team

BASE JUMPING

BASE JUMPING IN MONTENEGRO

Base jumps are being made on natural locations or buildings that, by their height and inclination, provide safe fall and parachute openings. Although the lower limit goes around 40 m, the most interesting jumps require a list of a few hundred meters. Except for the chimney of a power plant in Pljevlja, in Montenegrin cities, there are no buildings for safe jumps. On the other side, its mountains and canyons don’t lack in heights suitable for base jumpers. Bridges on Đurđevića Tara and over Mala Rijeka are popular locations for base jumpers.

The railway bridge over Mala Rijeka (Small River), with its height of 224 m, is one of the highest bridges in Europe. Problems for jumping can be the wind that is frequent in the canyon, as well as rocky and small landings. The bridge in Đurevića Tara is 156 m meters high (the biggest arcade) and the landing is on the small islands in the river formed while low water in summer. It is interesting to mention that there were jumps made from the second arcade, 45 meters high.
Except for bridges, all the other Montenegrin base jump location is situated on the mountain rock faces. So far, there have been jumped on Prokletije and Durmitor mountains, from Djevojačka stijena in Raopojana Valley and Savin Kuk. Djevojačka stijena (Maiden’s Rock) is characterized by 700, of elevation, overhanging nature of the upper rock part, a relatively undemanding exit, and a spacious and flat landing. That promotes an intro, so far, the most attractive base jump location, especially since the jumps with wing suites here last around 25 seconds. As potentially interesting, there are also Ćurovac over Tara Canyon, Boljske grede, and Prokletije’s Peaks: Presto, Koplje, and Maja Vojušit.

BASE JUMPING SEASON

Although the discipline could take place in any season, calm weather is an obligatory condition. In the spot, where a slightly stronger wind can lead to disaster, a good weather forecast is indispensable.

NOTE: The sports parachutist’s license is not a guarantee for a safe jump. Only the experience of very many jumps can prepare you for this adventure.

Montenegro Hostel Team

BIRD WATCHING

BIRD WATCHING IN MONTENEGRO

In Montenegro, 348 bird species have been registered so far (of the total 533 registered in Europe until today, or 65% of the European bird fauna). Out of the total number of bird species registered so far, 213 species belong to certain breeding and seven species are possible breeding, while ten are considered to be extinct, such as for example, Aegypius monachus. 106 species are considered to be residents, i.e. species that spend the whole life cycle in Montenegro. This number includes two species that are introduced (pheasant and chukar). 107 species of birds registered in Montenegro are breeding migratory birds.

Out of the total number of species (348), 266 species are regularly seen in Montenegro, while 14 species are occasionally seen. The richness of bird fauna of a country is viewed through the total number of registered species or, more often, through the number of breeding species. In Montenegro, the density index of breeding species, which represents the ratio between the logarithm of the number of breeding species and the logarithm of the country's surface area, is significantly above the Balkan average of 0.435 and it amounts to 0.563. This is contributed by the diversity of habitats: from the sea coast, across the salinas, freshwater lakes, semi-steppes, canyons, dense forests, mountain plateaus, and high mountain peaks. On the other hand, Montenegro is located in one of the four most important corridors for birds in Europe-the Adriatic Flyway, through which millions of birds annually migrate to Africa and vice versa.

In comparison to other European countries, the number of 213 species that breed in Montenegro is relatively high, taking into consideration that Montenegro is one of the smallest European countries. For example, according to its surface, Montenegro is in 39th place, while according to the number of breeding birds at 22nd, just below Hungary, which is nearly seven times larger than Montenegro. Also, Montenegro has more breeding birds than the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Portugal, Denmark, Slovenia, and Switzerland, for example.

The first preview of the ornithological richness of Montenegro in the form of a list of bird species was published as the Catalogus faunae Yugoslavia by the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Slovenia in 1973, as pertaining part of the Catalog of the bird fauna of SFR Yugoslavia. Later, the bird fauna of Montenegro was elaborated in the context of the Diversity of Bird Species in Yugoslavia, with an Overview of Species of International Importance in 1995, and, finally the List of Birds of Montenegro with Bibliography, which represents the first independent paper related solely to its territory.
The most interesting areas for bird watching are Lake Skadarsko, Lake Šasko, Bigradska Gora, and the saltpans of Ucinj and Tivat.

Montenegro Hostel Team